本文英文出處：Robbie Allen
翻譯/ 吳楚
校對/ 田晉陽
機器學習的發展可以追溯到1959年，有着豐富的歷史。這個領域也正在以前所未有的速度進化。在之前的一篇文章（https://unsupervisedmethods.com/why-artificial-intelligence-is-different-from-previous-technology-waves-764d7710df8b）中，我們討論過爲什麼通用人工智能領域即將要爆發。有興趣入坑ML的小夥伴不要拖延了，時不我待！
在今年秋季開始準備博士項目的時候，我已經精選了一些有關機器學習和NLP的優質網絡資源。一般我會找一個有意思的教程或者視頻，再由此找到三四個，甚至更多的教程或者視頻。猛回頭，發現標收藏夾又多了20個資源待我學習（推薦提升效率工具Tab Bundler）。
找到超過25個有關ML的「小抄」後，我寫一篇博文（https://unsupervisedmethods.com/cheat-sheet-of-machine-learning-and-python-and-math-cheat-sheets-a4afe4e791b6），裏面的資源都有超鏈接。
爲了幫助也在經歷類似探索過程的童鞋，我把至今發現的最好的教程彙總了一個列表。當然這不是網絡上有關ML的最全集合，而且其中有一部分內容很普通。我的目標是要找到最好的有關機器學習子方向和NLP的教程。
我引用了能簡潔介紹概念的基礎內容。我已經迴避包含一些大部頭書的章節，和對理解概念沒有幫助的科研論文。那爲什麼不買一本書呢？ 因爲教程能更好地幫助你學一技之長或者打開新視野。
我把這博文分成四個部分，機器學習，NLP，Python，和數學基礎。在每一小節我會隨機引入一些問題。由於這方面學習材料太豐富了，本文並未涵括所有內容。
機器學習
1、機器學習就是這麼好玩！(medium.com/@ageitgey)
機器學習速成課程（Berkeley的ML）：
Part I：https://ml.berkeley.edu/blog/2016/11/06/tutorial-1/
Part II：https://ml.berkeley.edu/blog/2016/12/24/tutorial-2/
Part III：https://ml.berkeley.edu/blog/2017/02/04/tutorial-3/
機器學習入門與應用：實例圖解(toptal.com)
https://www.toptal.com/machine-learning/machine-learning-theory-an-introductory-primer
機器學習的簡易指南 (monkeylearn.com)
https://monkeylearn.com/blog/a-gentle-guide-to-machine-learning/
如何選擇機器學習算法？(sas.com)
https://blogs.sas.com/content/subconsciousmusings/2017/04/12/machine-learning-algorithm-use/
2、Activation and Loss Functions
激活函數與損失函數
sigmoid 神經元 (neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com)
http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/chap1.html#sigmoid_neurons
激活函數在神經網絡中有什麼作用？(quora.com)
https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-role-of-the-activation-function-in-a-neural-network
神經網絡的激活函數大全及其優劣 (stats.stackexchange.com)
https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/115258/comprehensive-list-of-activation-functions-in-neural-networks-with-pros-cons
激活函數及其分類比較(medium.com)
https://medium.com/towards-data-science/activation-functions-and-its-types-which-is-better-a9a5310cc8f
理解對數損失 (exegetic.biz)
http://www.exegetic.biz/blog/2015/12/making-sense-logarithmic-loss/
損失函數(Stanford CS231n)
http://cs231n.github.io/neural-networks-2/#losses
損失函數L1 與L2 比較(rishy.github.io)
http://rishy.github.io/ml/2015/07/28/l1-vs-l2-loss/
交叉熵損失函數(neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com)
http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/chap3.html#the_cross-entropy_cost_function
3、偏差（Bias）
神經網絡中的偏差的作用(stackoverflow.com)
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2480650/role-of-bias-in-neural-networks/2499936#2499936
神經網絡中的偏差節點(makeyourownneuralnetwork.blogspot.com)
http://makeyourownneuralnetwork.blogspot.com/2016/06/bias-nodes-in-neural-networks.html
什麼是人工神經網絡中的偏差 (quora.com)
https://www.quora.com/What-is-bias-in-artificial-neural-network
4、感知器（Perceptron）
感知器模型(neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com)
http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/chap1.html#perceptrons
感知器(natureofcode.com)
http://natureofcode.com/book/chapter-10-neural-networks/#chapter10_figure3
一層的神經網絡（感知器模型）(dcu.ie)
http://computing.dcu.ie/~humphrys/Notes/Neural/single.neural.html
從感知器模型到深度網絡(toptal.com)
https://www.toptal.com/machine-learning/an-introduction-to-deep-learning-from-perceptrons-to-deep-networks
5、迴歸算法
線性迴歸分析簡介(duke.edu)
http://people.duke.edu/~rnau/regintro.htm
線性迴歸 (ufldl.stanford.edu)
http://ufldl.stanford.edu/tutorial/supervised/LinearRegression/
線性迴歸 (readthedocs.io)
http://ml-cheatsheet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/linear_regression.html
邏輯斯特迴歸 (readthedocs.io)
http://ml-cheatsheet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/logistic_regression.html
機器學習之簡單線性迴歸教程(machinelearningmastery.com)
http://machinelearningmastery.com/simple-linear-regression-tutorial-for-machine-learning/
機器學習之邏輯斯特迴歸教程(machinelearningmastery.com)
http://machinelearningmastery.com/logistic-regression-tutorial-for-machine-learning/
softmax 迴歸(ufldl.stanford.edu)
http://ufldl.stanford.edu/tutorial/supervised/SoftmaxRegression/
6、梯度下降
基於梯度下降的學習 (neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com)
http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/chap1.html#learning_with_gradient_descent
梯度下降(iamtrask.github.io)
http://iamtrask.github.io/2015/07/27/python-network-part2/
如何理解梯度下降算法？(kdnuggets.com)
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2017/04/simple-understand-gradient-descent-algorithm.html
梯度下降優化算法概覽(sebastianruder.com)
http://sebastianruder.com/optimizing-gradient-descent/
優化算法：隨機梯度下降算法 (Stanford CS231n)
http://cs231n.github.io/optimization-1/
7、生成學習
生成學習算法 (Stanford CS229)
http://cs229.stanford.edu/notes/cs229-notes2.pdf
貝葉斯分類算法之實例解析(monkeylearn.com)
https://monkeylearn.com/blog/practical-explanation-naive-bayes-classifier/
8、支持向量機
支持向量機（SVM）入門(monkeylearn.com)
https://monkeylearn.com/blog/introduction-to-support-vector-machines-svm/
支持向量機(Stanford CS229)
http://cs229.stanford.edu/notes/cs229-notes3.pdf
線性分類：支持向量機，Softmax (Stanford 231n)
http://cs231n.github.io/linear-classify/
9、後向傳播算法（Backpropagation）
後向傳播算法必知(medium.com/@karpathy)
https://medium.com/@karpathy/yes-you-should-understand-backprop-e2f06eab496b
來，給我圖解一下神經網絡後向傳播算法？(github.com/rasbt)
https://github.com/rasbt/python-machine-learning-book/blob/master/faq/visual-backpropagation.md
後向傳播算法是如何運行的？(neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com)
http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/chap2.html
沿時後向傳播算法與梯度消失(wildml.com)
http://www.wildml.com/2015/10/recurrent-neural-networks-tutorial-part-3-backpropagation-through-time-and-vanishing-gradients/
簡易入門沿時後向傳播算法(machinelearningmastery.com)
http://machinelearningmastery.com/gentle-introduction-backpropagation-time/
奔跑吧，後向傳播算法！(Stanford CS231n)
http://cs231n.github.io/optimization-2/
10、深度學習
果殼裏的深度學習(nikhilbuduma.com)
http://nikhilbuduma.com/2014/12/29/deep-learning-in-a-nutshell/
深度學習教程 (Quoc V. Le)
http://ai.stanford.edu/~quocle/tutorial1.pdf
深度學習，什麼鬼？(machinelearningmastery.com)
http://machinelearningmastery.com/what-is-deep-learning/
什麼是人工智能，機器學習，深度學習之間的區別？ (nvidia.com)
https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2016/07/29/whats-difference-artificial-intelligence-machine-learning-deep-learning-ai/
11、優化算法與降維算法
數據降維的七招鍊金術(knime.org)
https://www.knime.org/blog/seven-techniques-for-data-dimensionality-reduction
主成分分析(Stanford CS229)
http://cs229.stanford.edu/notes/cs229-notes10.pdf
Dropout: 改進神經網絡的一個簡單方法(Hinton @ NIPS 2012)
http://videolectures.net/site/normal_dl/tag=741100/nips2012_hinton_networks_01.pdf
如何溜你們家的深度神經網絡？(rishy.github.io)
http://rishy.github.io/ml/2017/01/05/how-to-train-your-dnn/
12、長短期記憶(LSTM)
老司機帶你簡易入門長短期神經網絡(machinelearningmastery.com)
http://machinelearningmastery.com/gentle-introduction-long-short-term-memory-networks-experts/
理解LSTM網絡(colah.github.io)
http://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/
漫談LSTM模型(echen.me)
http://blog.echen.me/2017/05/30/exploring-lstms/
小學生看完這教程都可以用Python實現一個LSTM-RNN (iamtrask.github.io)
http://iamtrask.github.io/2015/11/15/anyone-can-code-lstm/
13、卷積神經網絡（CNNs）
卷積網絡入門(neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com)
http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/chap6.html#introducing_convolutional_networks
深度學習與卷積神經網絡模型(medium.com/@ageitgey)
https://medium.com/@ageitgey/machine-learning-is-fun-part-3-deep-learning-and-convolutional-neural-networks-f40359318721
拆解卷積網絡模型(colah.github.io)
http://colah.github.io/posts/2014-07-Conv-Nets-Modular/
理解卷積網絡(colah.github.io)
http://colah.github.io/posts/2014-07-Understanding-Convolutions/
14、遞歸神經網絡(RNNs)
遞歸神經網絡教程 (wildml.com)
http://www.wildml.com/2015/09/recurrent-neural-networks-tutorial-part-1-introduction-to-rnns/
注意力模型與增強型遞歸神經網絡(distill.pub)
http://distill.pub/2016/augmented-rnns/
這麼不科學的遞歸神經網絡模型(karpathy.github.io)
http://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/
深入遞歸神經網絡模型(nikhilbuduma.com)
http://nikhilbuduma.com/2015/01/11/a-deep-dive-into-recurrent-neural-networks/
15、強化學習
給小白看的強化學習及其實現指南 (analyticsvidhya.com)
https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2017/01/introduction-to-reinforcement-learning-implementation/
強化學習教程(mst.edu)
https://web.mst.edu/~gosavia/tutorial.pdf
強化學習，你學了麼？(wildml.com)
http://www.wildml.com/2016/10/learning-reinforcement-learning/
深度強化學習：開掛玩Pong (karpathy.github.io)
http://karpathy.github.io/2016/05/31/rl/
16、對抗式生成網絡模型(GANs)
什麼是對抗式生成網絡模型？(nvidia.com)
https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/2017/05/17/generative-adversarial-network/
用對抗式生成網絡創造8個像素的藝術(medium.com/@ageitgey)
https://medium.com/@ageitgey/abusing-generative-adversarial-networks-to-make-8-bit-pixel-art-e45d9b96cee7
對抗式生成網絡入門（TensorFlow）(aylien.com)
http://blog.aylien.com/introduction-generative-adversarial-networks-code-tensorflow/
《對抗式生成網絡》（小學一年級~上冊）(oreilly.com)
https://www.oreilly.com/learning/generative-adversarial-networks-for-beginners
17、多任務學習
深度神經網絡中的多任務學習概述(sebastianruder.com)
http://sebastianruder.com/multi-task/index.html
NLP
1、NLP
《基於神經網絡模型的自然語言處理》（小學一年級~上冊）(Yoav Goldberg)
http://u.cs.biu.ac.il/~yogo/nnlp.pdf
自然語言處理權威指南(monkeylearn.com)
https://monkeylearn.com/blog/the-definitive-guide-to-natural-language-processing/
自然語言處理入門(algorithmia.com)
https://blog.algorithmia.com/introduction-natural-language-processing-nlp/
自然語言處理教程 (vikparuchuri.com)
http://www.vikparuchuri.com/blog/natural-language-processing-tutorial/
Natural Language Processing (almost) from Scratch (arxiv.org)
初高中生課程：自然語言處理 (arxiv.org)
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1103.0398.pdf
2、深度學習和 NLP
基於深度學習的NLP應用(arxiv.org)
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.03091.pdf
基於深度學習的NLP(Richard Socher)
https://nlp.stanford.edu/courses/NAACL2013/NAACL2013-Socher-Manning-DeepLearning.pdf
理解卷積神經網絡在NLP中的應用(wildml.com)
http://www.wildml.com/2015/11/understanding-convolutional-neural-networks-for-nlp/
深度學習，NLP，表示學習(colah.github.io)
http://colah.github.io/posts/2014-07-NLP-RNNs-Representations/
嵌入表示，編碼，注意力，預測 : 新一代深度學習因NLP的精妙而存在(explosion.ai)
https://explosion.ai/blog/deep-learning-formula-nlp
理解基於神經網絡的自然語言處理(Torch實現) (nvidia.com)
https://devblogs.nvidia.com/parallelforall/understanding-natural-language-deep-neural-networks-using-torch/
深度學習在NLP中的應用(Pytorch實現) (pytorich.org)
http://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/deep_learning_nlp_tutorial.html
3、詞向量（Word Vectors）
詞袋法遇到感知器裝袋法(kaggle.com)
https://www.kaggle.com/c/word2vec-nlp-tutorial
學習單詞嵌入表示法(sebastianruder.com)
Part I：http://sebastianruder.com/word-embeddings-1/index.html
Part II：http://sebastianruder.com/word-embeddings-softmax/index.html
Part III：http://sebastianruder.com/secret-word2vec/index.html
單詞嵌入表示的神奇力量(acolyer.org)
https://blog.acolyer.org/2016/04/21/the-amazing-power-of-word-vectors/
解釋word2vec 的參數學習(arxiv.org)
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1411.2738.pdf
word2vec教程 skip-gram 模型，負採樣(mccormickml.com)
http://mccormickml.com/2016/04/19/word2vec-tutorial-the-skip-gram-model/
4、Encoder-Decoder
注意力機制與記憶機制在深度學習與NLP中的應用(wildml.com)
http://www.wildml.com/2016/01/attention-and-memory-in-deep-learning-and-nlp/
序列到序列模型(tensorflow.org)
https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/seq2seq
利用神經網絡學習序列到序列模型(NIPS 2014)
https://papers.nips.cc/paper/5346-sequence-to-sequence-learning-with-neural-networks.pdf
基於深度學習和魔法序列的語言翻譯(medium.com/@ageitgey)
https://medium.com/@ageitgey/machine-learning-is-fun-part-5-language-translation-with-deep-learning-and-the-magic-of-sequences-2ace0acca0aa
如何使用編碼-解碼LSTM輸出隨機整數對應的序列(machinelearningmastery.com)
http://machinelearningmastery.com/how-to-use-an-encoder-decoder-lstm-to-echo-sequences-of-random-integers/
tf-seq2seq (google.github.io)
https://google.github.io/seq2seq/
Python
1、Python
使用Python精通機器學習的七步法(kdnuggets.com)
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2015/11/seven-steps-machine-learning-python.html
機器學習的一個簡例(nbviewer.jupyter.org)
http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/rhiever/Data-Analysis-and-Machine-Learning-Projects/blob/master/example-data-science-notebook/Example Machine Learning Notebook.ipynb
2、實例
小白如何用python實現感知器算法(machinelearningmastery.com)
http://machinelearningmastery.com/implement-perceptron-algorithm-scratch-python/
小學生用python實現一個神經網絡(wildml.com)
http://www.wildml.com/2015/09/implementing-a-neural-network-from-scratch/
只用11行python代碼實現一個神經網絡算法(iamtrask.github.io)
http://iamtrask.github.io/2015/07/12/basic-python-network/
自己動手用ptython實現最近鄰算法(kdnuggets.com)
http://www.kdnuggets.com/2016/01/implementing-your-own-knn-using-python.html
python實現長短期記憶網絡的記憶機制(machinelearningmastery.com)
http://machinelearningmastery.com/memory-in-a-long-short-term-memory-network/
如何用長短期記憶遞歸神經網絡輸出隨機整數(machinelearningmastery.com)
http://machinelearningmastery.com/learn-echo-random-integers-long-short-term-memory-recurrent-neural-networks/
如何用seq2seq遞歸神經網絡學習加法運算(machinelearningmastery.com)
http://machinelearningmastery.com/learn-add-numbers-seq2seq-recurrent-neural-networks/
3、Scipy 和 numpy
Scipy課程筆記(scipy-lectures.org)
http://www.scipy-lectures.org/
Python Numpy 教程(Stanford CS231n)
http://cs231n.github.io/python-numpy-tutorial/
Numpy 與 Scipy 入門(UCSB CHE210D)
https://engineering.ucsb.edu/~shell/che210d/numpy.pdf
給科學家看的Python微課程(nbviewer.jupyter.org)
http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/gist/rpmuller/5920182#ii.-numpy-and-scipy
4、scikit-learn
PyCon會議上的Scik-learn 教程(nbviewer.jupyter.org)
http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/jakevdp/sklearn_pycon2015/blob/master/notebooks/Index.ipynb
Scikit-learn 中的分類算法(github.com/mmmayo13)
https://github.com/mmmayo13/scikit-learn-classifiers/blob/master/sklearn-classifiers-tutorial.ipynb
Scikit-learn教程(scikit-learn.org)
http://scikit-learn.org/stable/tutorial/index.html
簡明版Scikit-learn教程(github.com/mmmayo13)
https://github.com/mmmayo13/scikit-learn-beginners-tutorials
5、Tensorflow
Tensorflow教程(tensorflow.org)
https://www.tensorflow.org/tutorials/
Tensorflow入門--CPU vs GPU
(medium.com/@erikhallstrm)
https://medium.com/@erikhallstrm/hello-world-tensorflow-649b15aed18c
Tensorflow入門(metaflow.fr)
https://blog.metaflow.fr/tensorflow-a-primer-4b3fa0978be3
Tensorflow實現RNNs (wildml.com)
http://www.wildml.com/2016/08/rnns-in-tensorflow-a-practical-guide-and-undocumented-features/
Tensorflow實現文本分類CNN模型(wildml.com)
http://www.wildml.com/2015/12/implementing-a-cnn-for-text-classification-in-tensorflow/
如何用Tensorflow做文本摘要(surmenok.com)
http://pavel.surmenok.com/2016/10/15/how-to-run-text-summarization-with-tensorflow/
6、PyTorch
Pytorch教程(pytorch.org)
http://pytorch.org/tutorials/
Pytorch快手入門 (gaurav.im)
http://blog.gaurav.im/2017/04/24/a-gentle-intro-to-pytorch/
利用Pytorch深度學習教程(iamtrask.github.io)
https://iamtrask.github.io/2017/01/15/pytorch-tutorial/
Pytorch實戰(github.com/jcjohnson)
https://github.com/jcjohnson/pytorch-examples
PyTorch 教程(github.com/MorvanZhou)
https://github.com/MorvanZhou/PyTorch-Tutorial
深度學習研究人員看的PyTorch教程(github.com/yunjey)
https://github.com/yunjey/pytorch-tutorial
數學
1、機器學習中的數學 (ucsc.edu)
https://people.ucsc.edu/~praman1/static/pub/math-for-ml.pdf
機器學習數學基礎(UMIACS CMSC422)
http://www.umiacs.umd.edu/~hal/courses/2013S_ML/math4ml.pdf
2、線性代數
線性代數簡明指南(betterexplained.com)
https://betterexplained.com/articles/linear-algebra-guide/
碼農眼中矩陣乘法 (betterexplained.com)
https://betterexplained.com/articles/matrix-multiplication/
理解叉乘運算(betterexplained.com)
https://betterexplained.com/articles/cross-product/
理解點乘運算(betterexplained.com)
https://betterexplained.com/articles/vector-calculus-understanding-the-dot-product/
機器學習中的線性代數(U. of Buffalo CSE574)
http://www.cedar.buffalo.edu/~srihari/CSE574/Chap1/LinearAlgebra.pdf
深度學習的線代小抄(medium.com)
https://medium.com/towards-data-science/linear-algebra-cheat-sheet-for-deep-learning-cd67aba4526c
複習線性代數與課後閱讀材料(Stanford CS229)
http://cs229.stanford.edu/section/cs229-linalg.pdf
3、概率論
貝葉斯理論 (betterexplained.com)
https://betterexplained.com/articles/understanding-bayes-theorem-with-ratios/
理解貝葉斯概率理論(Stanford CS229)
http://cs229.stanford.edu/section/cs229-prob.pdf
複習機器學習中的概率論(Stanford CS229)
https://see.stanford.edu/materials/aimlcs229/cs229-prob.pdf
概率論(U. of Buffalo CSE574)
http://www.cedar.buffalo.edu/~srihari/CSE574/Chap1/Probability-Theory.pdf
機器學習中的概率論(U. of Toronto CSC411)
http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~urtasun/courses/CSC411_Fall16/tutorial1.pdf
4、計算方法（Calculus）
如何理解導數：求導法則，指數和算法(betterexplained.com)
https://betterexplained.com/articles/how-to-understand-derivatives-the-quotient-rule-exponents-and-logarithms/
如何理解導數，乘法，冪指數，鏈式法(betterexplained.com)
https://betterexplained.com/articles/derivatives-product-power-chain/
向量計算，理解梯度(betterexplained.com)
https://betterexplained.com/articles/vector-calculus-understanding-the-gradient/
微分計算(Stanford CS224n)
http://web.stanford.edu/class/cs224n/lecture_notes/cs224n-2017-review-differential-calculus.pdf
計算方法概論(readthedocs.io)
http://ml-cheatsheet.readthedocs.io/en/latest/calculus.html
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